The Chemistry of Water.

The Chemistry of Water.

1. Describe how water molecules are bonded.

 In water, each hydrogen nucleus is bound to the central oxygen atom by a pair of electrons that are shared between them; chemists call this shared electron pair a covalent chemical bond. 







2. Describe how the positive and negative charges of water are distributed.

The H2O molecule is electrically neutral but the positive and negative chargers are not distributed uniformly. the electronic (negative) charge is concentrated at the oxygen end of the molecule.

3. Describe the chemistry of water that allows an insect to walk on water.

The water strider takes advantage of the fact that the water surface acts like an elastic film that resists deformation when a small weight is place on it.

 

 4. What is unique about water and its density?

The distinction between molecules located at the surface and those deep inside is especially prominent  H2O owning to the strong hydrogen-bonding forces.

Sediment Cores & History.

Sediment Cores & History.

1. Who is the author, and what is she researching?

       The Author is Alyson Santoro, and is a post doctoral researcher at Woods Hole oceanographic Institution, writes from off the coast of chile where she is studying microbes in the nitrogen cycle.

2. What technique did the researcher using that is especially good at recovering delicate sediments? 

       They use Multicoreing is especially good at recovering sediment samples 

3. What happens to the samples after it is located onto the ship?

        The look closely at the multibeam sonar images to find a relatively flat area of the bottom where the coring device an land.

4. What is the name of research vessel?

 The name of research vessel is Mellvie.

Essential Questions Economic Importance of Marine Sediments

Essential Questions Economic Importance of Marine Sediments

1- What are some products that come from sediments?

Well... some products are building materials for roads and structures, toothpaste, paint, swimming pool filters and others.
2- How much of the world's energy comes from sediments?

About 36 % of the world's crude oil and 28 % of its natural gas will be extracted from sedimentary deposits of continental shelves and continental rises. Off shore drilling of hydrocarbons currently generates > $125 billion dollars.

3- How important is sand and gravel?

It's too important , because 1/3 of world's oil and gas reserve come from deposits within the sediments of continental margins. in addition to oil and gas sand and gravel valued at more than $510 million. this is about 1 % of world needs.

Reflection Mid-Term GoAnimate.

Well... I really think that we learned a lot, because in my case I didn't know how to use this program. After the demonstration that Mr. Blass gave us, I learned more than I know. I'll definitely practice more in the future to more easily use Go Animate.

The four types of Marine Sediments.

The four types of Marine Sediments.

1. How are each type of marine sediments created?

Lithogenous- derived from land.

Biogenous- derived from organisms.

Hydrogenous- derived from water.

Cosmogenous- derived from outer space.


2. Lithogenous- produced by weathering, breaking of rocks into smaller pieces.
    Biogenous- visible to naked eye, shells, bones.

    Hydrogenous- Minerals precipate directly from seawater, (phosphates, carbonates, metal sulfides.

   Cosmogenous- macroscopic meteor debris, microscopic iron , nickel and silicate spherules, (small globular masses).

Essential Questions: Island arcs and oceans trenches.

Essential Questions: Island arcs and oceans trenches.

1- How and where do ocean trenches form?

Theses trenches form at convergent plate boundaries when one plate is subducted beneath another.

2- Describe an island arc?
Curving chains of volcanic islands and sea mounts are almost always found parallel to the concave edges of trenches.

3- What's the deepest trench in the world?

Mariana trench of the western pacific, where the ocean bottom is 11, 022 meters.

4- What trench does Japan lay next to?

Kuril- Japan Trench.

5- Why do islands arcs, ARC?(why aren't they a straight line?

Because they are formed by tectonic and volcanic activity associated with subduction.

Abyssal Plains & Hills

 Define Abyssal Plains (AP)

Abyssal Plains is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor 

 

Describe where AP are found

AP are found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge,  

 

Describe its features

The continental shelf. The extreme depth is obviously the first, but this area is also very flat, with an extremely gentle slope. The flat plain is covered in millions of years of sediment washed from the continents and deposited by various sea creatures. 

 

How much of the earth do AP make up?

Abyssal Plains make up most of the seafloor in terms of square kilometers.